原文
Your children are not your children.
They are the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself.
They come through you but not from you,
And though they are with you, yet they belong not to you.
You may give them your love but not your thoughts.
For they have their own thoughts.
You may house their bodies but not their souls,
For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams.
You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them like you.
For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday.
You are the bows from which your children as living arrows are sent forth.
The archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite, and He bends you with His might that His arrows may go swift and far.
Let your bending in the archer's hand be for gladness;
For even as he loves the arrow that flies, so He loves also the bow that is stable.
翻译
你们的孩子,并不是你们的孩子,
乃是生命因渴望自身,而诞生的儿女。
他们由你们而来,却不是从你们而来,
他们虽与你们相伴,却并不属于你们。
你们尽可给他们爱,却不能给他们思想,
因为他们有自己的思想。
你们可以保护他们的身体,却不能荫庇他们的灵魂,
因为他们的灵魂,住在明日的宅中,那是你们即便做梦也无法想见的。
你们尽可模仿他们,却不可使他们反倒来像你们,
因为生命不会倒行,也不会停留在昨天。
你们是弓,孩子是从弦上发出的生命之箭,
那射者望着无尽之路上的标靶, 用尽力,拉满弓,射得快,飞得远。
欣然领受射者的伟力吧,
因为他爱那稳当的弓,一如爱那疾飞的箭。
主要参考冰心、李家真、钱满素的译本,略有修改
出处
散文集《The Prophet(先知)》中的「On Children(孩子)」篇,纪·哈·纪伯伦(Gibran Kahlil Gibran,1883~1931),黎巴嫩作家、诗人、画家,是阿拉伯文学的主要奠基人,20世纪阿拉伯新文学道路的开拓者之一,被称为艺术天才、黎巴嫩文坛骄子。
解读
这首诗在我的笔记本里,已经陈酿了1年零4个月,本打算在儿童节就写出来,结果事务繁忙,这一拖就是好多天。
我们如何看待孩子,决定了我们如何理解孩子与自己之间的关系,进一步决定了我该扮演怎样的角色、遵照怎样的剧本、做出怎样的行动,从而影响孩子的成长,改变孩子的未来。而孩子的未来,便是世界的未来。
这是最基本,也是最重要的问题,我们绝大多数有关孩子的烦恼与困惑,其根源都在于此。
有的大人,把孩子看做自己的私人物品,是自己附庸与奴仆。
有的大人,把孩子看做自己生活的累赘,视之为必须背负的重担。
有的大人,把孩子看做自己生命的延伸,寄托自己没有达成的期望。
我们如何看待孩子,基本决定了我们所能得到的结果。视之为奴仆的,大都得到反抗;视之为累赘的,大都得到折磨;视之为寄托的,大都得到背叛。
我们的教育体系,只是在教导我们如何成为一个好学生、好职员、好国民,却鲜少有人教导我们如何成为一位合格的父亲或母亲。
可是,如果没有一群合格的父母,哪里会有一群健康成长的小孩呢?哪里会有一群好学生、好职员、好国民呢?
幸好,上天赐予了孩子们无比旺盛的生命力,得以让我们度过重重难关,治愈一切伤痕,如传说中的凤凰一般,涅槃重生,长大成人。
如果所有大人,在成为父母之前都需要预先进修学习,我想,这首诗应该印刷在教材的扉页上,引导即将成为父母的人,思考孩子与自己的关系。
借着这首诗,纪伯伦给了我们一个绝佳的隐喻:生命是射者,大人是弓,孩子是箭。
孩子是因父母而诞生么?不,孩子的诞生来自于生命那生生不息的力量,父母仅仅只是一个生命繁衍的容器与通道。
孩子是尚未成熟的大人么?不,孩子并非尚未成熟的大人,大人也并非成熟的孩子,正如弓是弓,箭是箭,它们有着微妙的联系,却又有着本质的区分。他们分属于两个截然不同的世界,正如弓以曲为美,箭以直为佳,以大人的视角,枉然评断孩子的世界,岂不是天大的傲慢?
父母该把自己的期望寄托于孩子么?不,父母扎根于过去,孩子居住于未来,对于充满可能性的未来而言,一切寄托,皆是束缚的绳索。如果用绳索把箭与弓紧紧系在一起,那箭如何飞得远,那弓如何张得开呢?
孩子,只有借助大人的力量,才能划破长空,冲向未来;而大人,却也只有借着孩子的锋锐,才能超越局限,创造未来。
孩子,是与大人平等的存在。
总结
大人如弓,孩子如箭。
扩展阅读
If I have a child, it's as though I'm saying: I was born and have tasted life and declare it so good that is merits being duplicated.
假如我有了一个孩子,那我就好像是在说:我出生了,我品尝了生命,我证实它很美好,值得我们去繁衍。
《告别圆舞曲(Farewell Waltz)》米兰·昆德拉(Milan Kundera)
Love gives naught but itself and takes naught but from itself.
Love possesses not nor would it be possessed;
For love is sufficient unto love.|爱除了自身别无所予,除了自身别无所取。
《先知(The Prophet)》爱(On Love)
爱不占有,也不被占有;
因为爱有了自己就足够了。
Love one another, but make not a bond of love.
Let it rather be a moving sea between the shores of your souls.
Fill each other's cup but drink not from one cup.
Give one another of your bread but eat not from the same loaf.
Sing and dance together and be joyous, but let each one of you be alone.
Even as the strings of a lute are alone though they quiver with the same music.Give your hearts, but not into each other's keeping.
For only the hand of Life can contain your hearts.
And stand together yet not too near together:
For the pillars of the temple stand apart.And the oak tree and the cypress grow not in each other's shadow.
彼此相爱,但不要让爱成为束缚;
让爱成为奔流于你们灵魂海岸间的大海。
注满彼此的杯盏,但不要只从一只杯中啜饮。
彼此互赠面包,但不要只向一块面包取食。
一起欢歌曼舞,但要保持各自的独立。
就像琴上的弦,虽为同一旋律而震颤,却仍然彼此分开。奉献你们的心,但不要让对方保管。
因为只有生命的手才能接纳你们的心。
站立在一起,但不要靠得太近,
因为廊柱分立,才能撑起庙宇。哪怕是橡树和松柏,也不能在彼此的阴影下生长。
《先知(The Prophet)》论婚姻(On marriage)
When you kill a beast say to him in your heart:
“By the same power that slays you, I too am slain; and I too shall be consumed.
For the law that delivered you into my hand shall deliver me into a mightier hand.当你们宰杀一只畜禽,你们应在心中对它说:
《先知(The Prophet)》论饮食(On eating and drinking)
现在屠宰你的力量也将屠宰我,我同样也会被吞食。
因为把你送到我手中的那一规律也将把我送到更强者的手中。
The child's parents are not his makers but his guardians.
父母不是儿童的创造者,而是儿童的守护神。
《童年的秘密(The Secret of Childhood)》玛利亚·蒙台梭利(Maria Montessori)
People think only of preserving their child’s life; this is not enough, he must be taught to preserve his own life when he is a man, to bear the buffets of fortune, to brave wealth and poverty, to live at need among the snows of Iceland or on the scorching rocks of Malta. In vain you guard against death; he must needs die; and even if you do not kill him with your precautions, they are mistaken. Teach him to live rather than to avoid death: life is not breath, but action, the use of our senses, our mind, our faculties, every part of ourselves which makes us conscious of our being. Life consists less in length of days than in the keen sense of living. A man may be buried at a hundred and may never have lived at all. He would have fared better had he died young.
人们只想到保护他们的孩子,这是不够的,应该教他成人后怎样保护自己,教他经受得住命运的洗礼,勇敢面对财富与贫穷,在冰岛的雪地里或者马耳他的灼热岩石上生活。防备死亡是徒劳的,他终归是要死的。那时候,虽说他的死不是由于你的操心照料而造成的,但是你所费的这一番苦心可能被误解。所以,问题不在于防备他死去,而在于教他如何生活。生命,并不是呼吸,而是活动,是我们感官、思想、能力的运用,以及一切让我们感到自己存在的自身的每一部分。生命不在于日子的长短,而在于对生活的敏锐感受。一个人可能活到一百岁,也可能从未活过。既然如此,他还不如在年轻时就走入坟墓。
《爱弥儿(Emile, or Education)》梭罗(Emile, or Education)
整个现代的教育方式,都在渴求孩子当一个方便的孩子。它一步步按部就班地催眠、压制,用强硬的手段毁灭孩子内心的自由和意志,他坚毅的灵魂,以及他渴求和企图的力量。很乖,很听话,很好,很方便。却没有想到,这样的孩子内心是没有意志的,人生会过得跌跌撞撞。
《如何爱孩子(How to Love a Child)》雅努什•科扎克(Janusz Korczak)
I shall not be able to make any of the children other than what they are. A birch will stay a birch, an oak an oak, and a thistle a thistle. I may be able to rouse what is dormant in the soul but I cannot create anything.
我无法将一个孩子生造为不是他的样子。正如一棵桦树永远是一棵桦树,一颗橡树永远是一棵橡树,一株蓟草永远是一株蓟草。我也许能唤醒沉睡在灵魂中的东西,但我无法创造任何东西。
《如何爱孩子(How to Love a Child)》雅努什•科扎克(Janusz Korczak)
There are no children, there are people.
没有孩子,只有人。
《如何爱孩子(How to Love a Child)》雅努什•科扎克(Janusz Korczak)